Essay on Elderly Client Project - 1741 Words

Elderly Client Project Winston Salem State University Nursing 3303 October 17, 2012 Elderly Client Project Mrs. F. Nowell is a ninety-four year old mother, grandmother and great grandmother living in a skilled nursing facility. She has several co-morbidities which are managed medically and chemically within a detailed nursing care plan. She is diagnosed with type II diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, pedal neuropathy, and arthritis. Within this paper we will explore her age related changes, concept of health and wellness, one chronic disease, diabetes, along with the care and health maintenance associated with this chronic illness, compare and†¦show more content†¦She lives in a skilled nursing facility where her blood sugar is checked before meals and at bedtime. She is treated with Novalog Insulin in the morning and evening which keeps her blood sugars at a normal range between 80 and 100, and below 150. They encourage healthy meals and eating, though Mrs. Nowell admits to having family bring in snacks to her liking which are not always on the American Diabet ic Association (ADA) food options. The nursing facility also goes to great lengths to ensure meticulous foot care is provided to all diabetics. They inspect their feet when assisting in dressing and showering, as well as, have podiatry perform toenail clipping. Mrs. Nowell does not see her diabetes as a disease, but rather a lifestyle and way of living. Compare and Contrast Medical/Nursing Care and Current Research As previously mentioned Mrs. Nowell’s diabetes is treated with insulin and given a diet per recommendations of the ADA. The nurses perform regular blood sugar checks before each meal and at bedtime, following a regimented nursing care plan to keep her blood sugar below 150. However recent guideline updates recommend that primary care physicians do not push the patients to obtain a standard targeted blood sugar level. The facility nurses also provide education on healthy snacks and exercise programs available to their residents. Because obesityShow MoreRelatedFunders Fund to Dig-it Project1171 Words   |  5 PagesFund to Dig-it Project. †¢ Lead worker send Review Report to Center Manager. †¢ Funders Take KPI report from Center Manager Dig-it. Clients To Join †¢ Lead worker review success of ex homeless people (clients) †¢ 50% of the client’s dropout in the review by lead worker. †¢ Then lead worker re-review the 50% dropout clients. †¢ Lead worker assign the work in dig it for elderly to the 50% successful clients. Working in Dig-it elderly. †¢ Volunteers help fulltime workers to manage the project. †¢ There are twentyRead MoreNursing Paper: Gerontological and Geriatric Nursing1702 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Nursing Paper-Gerontological Griatric Nursing NUS 401 Assignment 18 December 2012 1. End of Life Issues and the Elderly (2) Identify and discuss the role of the nurse in providing family centred care to an elderly client who is palliative and living at home with his/her spouse or another family member. Palliative care is an approach to provide a coordinated medical, nursing, and allied health service to address the patients physical, social emotional and spiritual needsRead MoreHealth Care Of Elderly Medicare Patients899 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Veteris Health, LLC is a healthcare company specializing in the care of elderly Medicare patients. Although its headquarters is located in Cleveland, Ohio, it serves elderly people across the nation. Veteris Health contracts with Medicare health insurance providers and provider networks across the United States to provide extensive in-home health assessments of the Medicare insurance providers’ clients at no cost to the patient. The assessment consists of everything from seeing how theRead MoreFall Prevention Program for Elderly in DC1610 Words   |  6 Pagesprevention programs have been rising to address falls but fall related incident, injuries and the cost has continuously been rising among elderly people (Costello Edelstein, 2008). In the study conducted by Berland et al. (2012), showed that in home health, not viewing patient safety as primary prevention, lack of investigation causing fall and frailty of elderly adult have been some factors contributing to falls in hom e health. Falls negatively impacts an individual living in their home by causingRead MoreBenefits of Support Networks for Older Adults Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagesits effects on health. We will summarize the articles researched, discuss our goals, and describe our plan for implementation. Benefits regarding physical health, emotional health, and cognitive health have all been researched. â€Å"With respect to elderly people’s health, qualitative support (satisfaction with the level of support) has also been found to be a better predictor of positive outcome than quantitative support† (Antonucci, 1985). Most of the studies we found were qualitative studies, butRead MoreConfucian Beliefs And Its Impact On Life With Different Values And Beliefs Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesimply the highest respect be given to elderly(2). The age-related archetype of a caregiver was used for a child brought up under the influence of the Confucian teachings of filial piety and for whom selfless generosity and caretaking are the primary motivating factors for his behaviour(3). On the other hand, archetypes of Perfect Grandparent and Severely Impaired were used to describe older Chinese generation(5). These archetypes summarized the role of the elderly in context of the cul tural norms(5)Read MoreRoles And Roles Of An Administrative Officer1730 Words   |  7 PagesDirector. I have work experiences with elderly people in my previous job with the ACT FOCUS Disability. I worked with the ACT FOCUS Disability as clients support officer, in which I administered medications for elderly patients and clients. As a client officer, I liaised with colleagues to prioritise elderly clients in term of attending doctor’s appointment as well as driving them to visit family members around Canberra. I have also driven elderly clients to the health club. In my previous roleRead MoreWhy Were Managed Care Organizations?1157 Words   |  5 Pageshigher copayment or deductible. ïÆ'Ëœ Management Services Organization (MSO)- An association that gives rehearse administration, organization, and bolster administrations to individual doctors or gathering hones. ïÆ'Ëœ Employee Assistance Programs (EAP)- Projects to help representatives, their relatives, and businesses in discovering answers for working environment and individual issues. ïÆ'Ëœ Managed Behavioral Health Care Organizations (MBHO) - A sorted out arrangement of behavioral human services conveyanceRead MoreFear : A Positive Or Negative Fear1238 Words   |  5 PagesI walked in I was immediately panicked to the point of paralysation. The fear I felt months back had emerged once again. To this day nursing homes make me uneasy. Life is too short to not take control over what hinders personal growth. With this project I took control and sought out to volunteer in a nursing home ; this is my experience. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Nonverbal communication (Hybels, S., Weaver, R. L. 2015. Communicating effectively. Pg.92) where â€Å"actions speak louder than words†Read MoreEssay on Strategic Planning for Nightingale Home Care1448 Words   |  6 Pages| Course Project | Nightingale Home Health Services | | | 2/19/2011 | | HSM 430 February 15, 2011 Final research Paper-Week 8 Executive Summary Nightingale Home Health Care Services is a new home health care agency that will offer a unique combination of premier home health care and community-based social services to the Bryn Mawr area in Philadelphia. Our office will be located will be established in quality office space on Main Street in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania and

The Identification and Treatment of OCD Essay - 1221 Words

There are many different aspects to the identification and treatment of OCD and this paper attempts to identify classic symptoms and theorized risk factors/causes. In addition it explores the viable treatment options and evaluates the efficiency of each in alleviating symptoms while discussing how each treatment functions to facilitate recovery. Furthermore, it assesses the extent to which the treatments may be used together to maximize effectiveness and then provides a probable prognosis. Verifying the alarm clock was set for the 12th time before finally comfortable enough to go to bed, the thought of awaking to a burning house prompted him to go verify the stove was off. He didn’t think that he had used the stove that day, and he†¦show more content†¦89). To them, acting and thinking this way is the only way to minimize the anxiety that they feel. The symptoms associated with OCD are commonly theme based. For example, someone with an obsession for cleanliness may compulsively clean and put things in order (Myers, 2010, p. 612). They may also wash their hands to the point of rawness, or continually use sanitizers and other chemicals to kill germs. While the compulsions between these individuals differ, the theme here is obviously cleanliness. Other examples of themes could be any of the following: worry of pending disasters, unwanted aggressive or sexual images haunting your thoughts, or even something as seemingly harmless as continually checki ng on things. With so many diverse symptoms that seem to share some commonality, researchers have been driven to identify possible causes and risk factors. The root cause of OCD may not be fully realized, but there are a number of theories. Genetic influence (despite the lack of identification of a specific gene), environmental contributions in the form of debilitating habits, and a lack of serotonin are the main theories. Some of the possible risk factors are family history of the disorder and traumatic experiences. For instance, in the case study of a woman named Sophie who was diagnosed with OCD, there were many conceivable contributingShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder According to Transactional Analysis687 Words   |  3 Pagesinterfering and exhibit the OCD individuals constant struggle to neutralize their mood and reduce negative thinking (Ferrier Brewin, 2004). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has been the most popular method of treatment among clinicians treat ing OCD however it is important to address the affects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy from a developmental perspective because children with OCD posses many age-related differences from OCD adults (Piacentini, 1999). The majority of OCD cases have been studied primarilyRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay example1575 Words   |  7 Pagescompulsive disorder (OCD). It was once thought that OCD was rare; however, recently it has been found that 2-3% (or 7 million Americans) of people have OCD. People with OCD are usually diagnosed by between the ages of 20 and 30, and about 75% of those who will develop OCD will show symptoms by age 30. (1) This leads to a couple questions that need to be answered: What is OCD? What causes it, and what is the most effective treatment? These questions will be answered throughout the paper. 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And, you feel like you cannot control or stop these thoughts or actions. The obsessions, or upsetting thoughts, can include things like a fear of germs, a fear of begin hurt, a fear of hurting othersRead More Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Religion2133 Words   |  9 PagesObsessive Disorder and Religion Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) affects up to 2.1% of adults and features pervasive and intrusive thoughts that lead to repetitive uncontrollable behaviors aimed to reduce anxiety (APA, 2000). Further, these thoughts and behaviors impede and disrupt daily living and cause marked distress in the lives of the sufferer. The recurrent thoughts often center on fear of contamination, harming self or others, and illness (Himle, Chatters, Taylor, and Nguyen, 2011). ThoseRead MoreThe Integration Of Cognitive Behavioural And Narrative Therapy3473 Words   |  14 Pages Case Report 5: The integration of Cognitive-behavioural and Narrative therapy in a CAMHS referral for OCD Theory Based Report Word Count: 3,000 Candidate Number: V47 Date: October 16, 2014 Consent was not sought for this report. All names used in this report have been changed in order to preserve confidentiality. Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by an individual experiencing intrusive thoughts, images, or worries in addition to repetitiveRead MoreTourettes Syndrome Essay2102 Words   |  9 Pagesdisorder. There is evidence of TS comorbidity with disorders like obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a fact which actually suggest inheritability of the disorder, since these disorders are also considered (by most scientists) inheritable. 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Professional Issues in Information Technology

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Issues in Information Technology. Answer: Introduction The main reason that caused me to re-evaluate the concept of professionalism is the individual responsibility and boundaries that act in the professionalism. The responsibility includes the respect to be given to the others and the rights that an individual possess (Weckert Lucas 2013). It is the responsibility of the individual to have knowledge about the limits and boundaries and staying out of the organizational affairs. For example, some lay people need trust of the professional workers like the electrician, plumber, doctors, etc. and share their confidential information to them. Thus the professionalism require the individual working as professionals to become trustworthy, keep the client in their first priority and maintain the confidentiality and not misusing the information they gathered from the client for any fraudulent purpose (McLaughlin et al. 2012). Thus in the return of the professionalism with the client relation the professionals would be benefitted. In some cases they get rewarded with authority or privileged rewards and high status. The IP professionals can face legal issues in their profession career and it is important to address the legal issue and understand the IT negotiation contracts on the field they are working (Veling et al. 2013). There are different legal structures used in the organization and it is important to study the structures for following a good professionalism. T he cost of deploying the structures can also be studied to gain benefit from it like studying of the legal structures to claim tax deduction of business related expenses (Brady 2014). The behavior important for an individual working as an ICT professional to work in a group of team with the other team members with different backgrounds like gender, diversity in skills, religion, age and ethnicity includes: Collaborate Constructive criticism Parking the Ego outside Be Energetic and Enthusiastic Empathy Integrity Balancing the role of following and leading A sound team performance can be contributed with the implementation of a strong group dynamics in the team. The team members should be collaborative and trust each other and work in a team for a collective decision and hold each other accountable for making the things happen (Lindley et al. 2013). If the group have a positive dynamics the creativity of the group members are doubled than any other group. To increase the performance it is important to know the team members closely and I must be able to tackle the problems quickly (Carcary et al. 2012). I should also be able to perform the role efficiently and break the barriers arising in my work field. To make my team work better I should have focused on the communication because I think that it is the central point to bind the team and make sure that each of the team members are communication with each others. I can help the other team members of my team to work better by identifying their problem and inspire them for their work. I can also motivate them for thinking innovative ideas that would help to increase the team performance. What are Some of the Key Professional Roles and Responsibilities for a Modern ICT Professional? How might these affect you in your Future Work? The professional responsibility of a modern ICT professional is to protect the network, computer system and the network infrastructure. The user information residing in the data base of the organization must be secured from any unauthorized access because it can cause a huge loss for the organization. The System administrator, information security engineers, network security officers, application security engineers, network engineers, Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Information Assurance Manager (IAM), Chief Information Officer (CIO), Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) and the other computer operators are some of the key primary roles of the ICT professionals (Weckert Adeney 2013). The roles are divided according to their job assigned to maintain the security in the organization. The roles also designates the responsibility for providing access to the information to the users, based on the identity and necessity (Omar Noordin 2016). The informations are available to the individual only when they are legitimately eligible for accessing the information. The protection of the network infrastructure form unauthorized access would help the organization to help the organization to protect its confidential data. The files containing the credit card numbers or customer information can be hacked by the hackers for gaining monetary profits but it is unhealthy for the organization and can lead to the loss of trust from the customers end (Veling Murnane 2014). Thus the organization can loss a huge number of customer and the other rival companies would capture the market. How has your Professional Learning Improved? The unit helped to improve the professional learning skills by including the critical reading, creative thinking, communication skills, presentation, report writing, learning about the professionalism and reflective learning. The critical learning helped to structure the research and explore questions that are identified during the reading (Margoudi Kiritsis 2015). The creative thinking helped to generate own ideas and imagination and connect them with different aspects. The team work improved the communication skills and the ability to adapt according to the team members. The communication is also improved with the exploration of the roles and responsibility learned in the professionalism (Bufardi Kiritsis 2013). The presentation helped to identify different rules and regulations that the professionals must follow for the benefit of an organization and maintain professionalism (Zuppo 2012). The report helped me to improve my writing skills. The questionaries helped me to learn abo ut professionalism in details. The points that I have missed and forgotten were learned from the questions. The reflection helped me to identify myself and evaluate my strength and weakness. The professionalism of an individual is judged based on the standards of expectation, the value of the person understanding the term professionalism, adaptability to the working environment and influence of the work culture. The professionalism can be judged based on the communication, image, competitiveness, etc. There is a huge difference between the profession and the professionalism, the occupation or profession of an individual can be presumed to tell the rest of the society what is right and good for it. It is also determined by the ways of thinking to resolve the problem that occurs in the domain of the profession. However, the professionalism in an occupation resembles the importance of the trust in economic relation to modern society with the addition of division of labor. For a long period of time the sociological examination of professional work has separated demonstrable skill as an uncommon method for arranging work and controlling laborers and as opposed to the progress ive, bureaucratic and administrative controls of mechanical and business associations. From the presentation of Michael Sneddon General Counsel we have found that the professional work has changed the professionals like doctors, social workers and IT professionals working in organization such as accountants and lawyers in large-scale professional service firms. The commercial and the international organization consists of pharmacist for retailing medicines globally, engineers, journalist, etc. for finding control of the occupation and discretionary decision making is difficult to maintain sustainability for the profession. There is a need to define the professional work field, practice of the profession and learning outcomes. There are some unassigned rules in an organization that causes difficulties for an individual such as attitude, conflict with the other employees, approach of working, values and the style of communication. I should be able to cooperate with the other employees working in the organization. For increasing the cooperation, I can co create the solution and I should not hoard the credit. I should be able to hide some information to stand out from the crowd. I should be able to work for the increasing performance of the team and if the team shines, I would shine too. The most difficulty faced when working on team is being able to voice my opinion without being judgmental. I should be able to give comments without hurting others and I should be also able to raise opinion for betterment of the team. The parking of Ego outside the organization is also important for a successful professionalism; there is no place of ego in the workplace. The ego can be harmful and disrupts the people and the teams can loss focus of its goals. I can bring fire in the team by showing my energy and enthusiasm. I should have the capability to implement new action plans that can be devised and increase the fellow tea m members energy by motivating them to work in the forefront. Michael Sneddon General Counsel states that for the contractor it is important to manage its employees enacting some of the employees rules in the organization. There may be issues regarding the employees and getting an insurance for the organization would be a good choice to mitigate the risk. If an employee breaks the rules of the organization the employee can be terminated following the rules and regulations of the common law. The transition of a technical role to the ICT information security professional can be a bit difficult for an individual. The transition is not affected by any rules and regulations and it can provide positive or negative effects to the organization. Making sure that I can take advantage of the positive effects would help me to become a well-rounded information security professional. My real world experience may just be the edge needed in my future. I need to take time for the evaluation and documentation of my present situation and the work I need to carry out for getting success in my transition. I should also be able to recognize the improvement point of my organization and the identification would help me to get side tracked by matters which feel more interesting. I should strive to continually review and improve my work that I have to accomplish. Developing an understanding of best practice is fundamental to understanding information security. Best practice methodology does not mean a company will readily accept it. According to Michael Sneddon General Counsel we need to protect the database of the organization and develop strong skills that would help me identify any issues in the network and mitigate it within a short interval of time. The business focused people does not want to hear the precise details of how a technology can be used for the detection of an attack, their only need is to know that which technology fits best in their organizational structure and carry significant savings for the organization. I should have the convincing power to convince the senior authority about the interpretation of my idea. This unit has improved my induction of the ICT profession to a great extent. This helped me to improve my functional skills in English. Now I can structure my own research and explore questions to identify a point. I can judge and analyze the values and its relevance to an information. The unit also helped me for improving my creative thinking, I can generate my own ideas and connect it with the others. The unit helped me gain knowledge in the professionalism and team workings I have gained the ability to assign myself roles and responsibilities for a task and assign myself contributor of the team. I can resolve any issues working in a team and take responsibility of an organization with commitment to complete the work in time and make informed choice about the communication. My response towards .my fellow classmates and teachers have changed and I can assign priorities between different tasks assigned to me. Learning of the professionalism improved my self-management and effective p articipation in any event. I engage actively in events and issues to judge my strength and weakness and I am continuously improving my communication to become an efficient professional. While working in a team I adapt the ideas of my fellow team members and identifies the opportunities for the further development and setting the objectives and goals for making the idea success. I also plan and develop my new ideas and explore them to develop a solution for other problem or issues. I have explored a lot in the communication and exchanging of information and ideas can bring a change in the ICT professionalism. Bibliography Al-Saggaf, Y. Burmeister, O.K., 2014. Australian ICT professionals perceptions regarding professionalism in the workplace: a mixed method approach. InProceedings of ETHICOMP 2014 Conference. Brady, D., 2014. Ethics: IT Professional Pillar or Pillory!.Mondo Digitale, p.2. Bufardi, A. Kiritsis, D., 2013, September. On the development of a reference framework for ICT for manufacturing skills. InIFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems(pp. 443-451). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Carcary, M., Sherry, M., McLaughlin, S. OBrien, C., 2012, November. Career Development for ICT Professionals: Driving Transparency in Educational Attainment. InECMLG2012-Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Management, Leadership Governance: ECMLG(p. 80). Academic Conferences Limited. Lindley, D., Aynsley, B., Driver, M., Godfrey, R., Hart, R., Heinrich, G., Unhelkar, B. Wilkinson, K., 2013. 11. Educating for professionalism in ICT: Is learning ethics professional development?.Professionalism in the Information Communication Technology Industry,vol. 3, p.211. Margoudi, M. Kiritsis, D., 2015. Introducing a Unified Contemporary Approach Towards a Manufacturing Education Suited for the Needs of the 21st Century.Procedia Engineering,vol. 132, pp.236-241. McLaughlin, S., Sherry, M., Carcary, M., O'Brien, C., Fanning, F., Theodorakis, D., Dolan, D. Farren, N., 2012. e-Skills ICT Professionalism Fostering the ICT Profession in Europe.European Commission, DG Enterprise Industry. Noor, A.M. Hamidon, Z., 2016. Improving Teachers Professionalism to Face the Global Education Challenges: The Context of Brunei Darussalam.SOSIOHUMANIKA,vol.3, no.1. Omar, S. Noordin, F., 2016. Career Commitment Intention to Leave Among ICT Professionals in Malaysia. InProceedings of the 1st AAGBS International Conference on Business Management 2014 (AiCoBM 2014)(pp. 309-318). Springer Singapore. Omar, S. Noordin, F., 2016. Moderator Influences on Individualism-collectivism Career Adaptability among ICT Professionals in Malaysia. Procedia Economics Finance,vol. 37, pp.529-537. Topi, H., 2015. Using ICT competence frameworks to support curriculum development.ACM Inroads,vol. 6 no.3, pp.36-37. Veling, L. Murnane, S., 2014. Developing a Dem-Drive Framework for European ICT Professionalism.IVI White Paper Series. Veling, L., Murnane, S., O'Brien, C. McLaughlin, S., 2013. Governance Framework for ICT Professionalism-Proposal. Weckert, J. Adeney, D., 2013. 6. ICT is not a profession: So what?.Professionalism in the Information Communication Technology Industry, vol. 3, p.95. Weckert, J. Lucas, R., 2013.Professionalism in the information communication technology industry. ANU Press. Zuppo, C.M., 2012. Defining ICT in a boundaryless world: The development of a working hierarchy.International Journal of Managing Information Technology,vol. 4 no.3, p.13.

The Best Suited Leadership Style for Pepsi Sample for Students

Question: Critically Evaluate the Most Important Leadership skills and Competencies. Answer: Introduction The case study present that director, Jorge Rubio wants to change the structure of Pepsi to a flexible organizational structure. There are various leadership models and styles that Pepsi can consider (Pears Shields, 2013). Few of these leadership includes transformational leadership, charismatic leadership, servant leadership etc. The objective of this report is to discuss the case study and discuss the best suited leadership style for Pepsi. The paper would also discuss the skills and competencies required by Pepsi. The shift to new organizational structure would not be easy and there would certain challenges. One of the key challenges for Pepsi would be change management challenges. The paper would also discuss the various issues that the management of Pepsi should consider. Based on these issues, the paper would discuss some of the recommendations for Pepsi. It is important to mention that change should be manage in an effective manner (Roe,2014). The focus on transformational le adership and servant leadership would enable Pepsi to achieve its goals and objectives. The case study presents that the current office of PepsiCo, Mexico lacks standardization. The future or the targeted stage of PepsiCo requires that the employees should be more independent in their working. Analysis: Modern theories of leaders The key theories of leadership for this case scenario can be discussed as: Transformational leadership style (Need to add more references and depth required) A transformational leadership style includes the focus on vision and transformation from the current state to future state to achieve the mission and vision. While other types of leadership, particularly transformational leadership, can help others succeed and grow, it is only in servant leadership that the leaders primary focus is the followers (Riggio Reichard, 2008). In the business world, transformational leadership is a model in which the goal of the leader is to inspire and transform the business into a successful enterprise by inspiring people around the leader (Bjugstad Thach, 2006). The transformational leader is ethical, morale, and acts in the best interest of his environment, business and coworkers. These principles can be found on other cultures and religions and can be applied to the business world (Boies Fiset, 2015). In an organizational setting, a transformational leader is one who can visualize the end objectives of the organization. It is critical that the leader should have the ability to communicate the long term vision of the organization to different stakeholders (Schreyogg, G. and Sydow, 2010). The focus of transformational leadership is to transform the existing state of organization. Therefore, it can be said that change management is a critical part of transformational leadership. Often leaders will find it difficult to manage the change in the organization. However, transformational leadership will start the change process by communicating the drivers of change to all the employees. It ensures that all the people are united on the change front (Avalio Walumba, 2009). Transformational leadership would generally have a plan in place to manage the short term and long term objectives of firms. Transformational leadership also have the ability to motivate people and inspire them to achiev e desired goals and objectives. Servant Charismatic leadership (Need to add more references and depth required) Servant Leadership is a style of leadership that depends on interpersonal abilities plus authentic and or trained supportive behaviours to lead others to become followers (Day Antonakis, 2012). For example, individuals will come in droves due to their leaders ability to engage with them with compassion, empathy, respect and so forth. Additionally, Greenleafs assertions are central to this model, thus servant leadership successful development. These core elements for servant leadership development are as following; awareness, empathy, commitment (development), community (building and development), conceptualization, foresight, healing, listening, persuasion, and stewardship, (Northouse, P. G., 2015 p. 227). This servant leadership model is very complex but very effective if engaged in every level. On that note, there are supportive behaviors for any given scenario, that allow servant leadership to overcome mild to difficult situations in any environment. Lastly, all individuals have needs due to this imperfect world pulling them in all different directions whether at home or work, which calls for authentic leaders that have a vocation more than those that are trained to be leaders (Daft, 2011). Based on above discussion it can be said that PepsiCo must focus to have servant leaders in place. Servant leadership can be considered a long term transformational approach to both life and work (Daft Marcic, 2012). Because servant leadership is a commitment in both life and work, this model can be considered a vocation. Not everyone will have the desire or drive to become a servant leader. A servant leader connects with their staff and fosters a sense of a team approach. Listening and communication build trust. The servant leaders are followers fist. The servant leaders want to lead by example. This style of leadership places efficiencies on developing commitment levels from others by authentic motivation (Avalio Walumba, 2009). Overall, a model servant leader can be viewed as authentic, humble, listener, kind, and so forth. As mentioned they are more concern with others than themselves. A servant leader is one who is able to generate the trust and respect among different stakeholders. In fact, trust and respect are two critical traits of servant leaders. Generally, servant leaders have a different aura in them that helps them to have healthy relationship with employees (Liden, Wayne, Liao Meuser, 2014). The servant leaders have a charismatic personality that helps them to create good impressions in the minds of followers. Skills and Competencies of leaders To perform management functions and assume multiple roles, managers must be skilled. Robert Katz identified three managerial skills essential to successful management: technical, human, and conceptual (Trevis Certo, 2014). These skills can be briefly explained as: Technical: It includes the focus on process and technology or knowledge of business and industry knowledge (Zaleznik, 1992). Human: It means the capabilities to manage the people (Vroom Jago, 2007). Conceptual: Top level managers need conceptual skills that let them view the organization. The specific skills under this include the ability of planning and organizing (Shamir, 1999). The two key skills that PepsiCo must focus on would be human and conceptual. The conceptual model demands that organizations should focus on building leaders and not managers. There are remarkable differences between being a leader and being a manager. In the Bible, Peter, the apostle gave a good description of a leader when it is written, feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint but willinglyby being ensamples to the flock. The four functions of management were initially articulated by Fayol in 1916 (Northouse, 2016). He identified them as planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling. In more recent publications, the staffing function is more commonly referred to as leading. In the article 4 Differences between managers and readers, Plucknette suggests differences between being a leader and a manger includes characteristics on how a leader and a manager interact. Motive and drive production (Plucknette, 2014). I do think it is bot h possible and desirable to be a leader and a manger. I agree with what Plucknette says about how a manger/leader has expectation for their employees while also modeling behaviors he expects to see which can result in eliminating employees not performing (Plucknette, pg. 18). While being a leader/manger may not be desirable to all, which is why it is rare to have such a leader of people (Plucknette, 2014). The focus on human needs for PepsiCo would mean the focus on human or employee needs. When people consider that servant leadership is based on values and virtues, it is easy to see from there how servant leadership can be viewed as a vocation, as many who live values-based lifestyles see their lifestyles as a calling he is primus inter pares from Latin, meaning "first among equals." The servant leader sees those he leads as peers to teach as well as to learn from; they are willing to lead others to reach an agreed upon goal, but he doesn't believe that being the leader makes him better than others (Bennis, 2007). Virtue-based servant leadership is intended to stem from an individuals world-view and how they live their life in general, if they do not believe the concepts and live the principles, then they are not truly practicing servant leadership. The ultimate question for PepsiCp is why should one practice servant leadership? The values of servant leadership lean heavily toward human consideration and morality (Whetstone, 2005). Without having a sound, unified worldview that justifies use of servant leadership; one falls prey to the reality that, ultimately, the reason is either utilitarian/pragmatic or situational. (Wallace, 2007) If a leader views people merely as a means to an end, and utilizes aspects of servant leadership simply because they believe it will gain them some personal advantage by causing people to work harder to achieve a goal, then the basis of the theory itself is being undermined. A situation of this nature could very easily unravel as those in the followership position may react negatively if/when any disingenuous motivations/sentiments are discovered. It can leave followers with a myriad of negative emotional and psychological consequences (Schreyogg Sydow, 2010). If we take a purely situational appro ach, stating servant leadership can only work in certain settings and contexts, we again undermine some of the key values described in the theory. In the situational approach, humans are only to be valued if their culture or personal beliefs align with the theory. Pragmatism and situational ethics both fail as reasons for practicing servant leadership. (Wallace, 2007) For the situational leader, servant leadership may be viewed as a tactic or a tool, but they need to tread lightly, as mistaking servant leadership for a means of manipulation could be a very detrimental error (Zaccaro, 2007). Other issues to consider Leadership takes the ability to guide and influence others. Important characteristics of an effective leader are sharp perception skills, responsiveness to others needs, organizational skills, good communicator, the ability to motivate your team, and be good at setting goals (Northouse, 2016). This can be challenging for most; therefore leadership isnt for everyone. It takes a special talent. Servant leadership in my opinion being a servant leader is a mind state. Its ones philosophical beliefs based on their ideology as leader. Both can parallel based on the leaders personality traits (Northouse, 2016). A servant leader will lead by example. In order for an effective servant leader to maintain a certain level of respect from their subordinates, you must be fair and equitable. Being a servant leader takes keen skills that are unique in nature. It can be challenging, but it's well worth it when your team is happy with you as a leader (Northouse, 2016). Servant leadership is driven by a genuine desire to provide good and fair leadership. In order to do so, one must be honest and trustworthy (Northouse, 2016). One of the key issues for PepsiCo would be change management issue. Conclusion The above paper discusses the case study of PepsiCo. With the above discussion, it can be said that servant leadership is the most important leadership style for the organization. A leader will knowingly or subconsciously, use a style of leadership to lead a team of people but it is imperative to take note of the various leadership styles and adopt one that can help him/ her to operate efficiently (Bass, 1990). Servant leaders selflessly strives to meet the needs of those they are serving. The leader believes in increased moral courage to help others (Caproni, 2012). A vocation/calling is a persons life purpose on earth. A servant leader believes that it is his/her calling to treat others with dignity. They do not let their positional ego influence their behavior, but their ultimate focus is to serve others. References Avolio, B.J., Walumba, f.O. and Weber, T.J. (2009) Leadership: Current Theories, research, and Future Directions, Annual review of Psychology, 60, pp. 421-449. Bass, B. M. (1990) 'From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: learning to share the vision', Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), Winter, pp. 19-31. Bennis, W. (2007) 'The Challenges of Leadership in the Modern World', American Psychologist, 62(1), pp. 2-5. Bjugstad, K., Thach, E. C., Thompson, K. J. and Morris, A. 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